Electron tube timing device



'Sept. 15, .1942. W.'P. OVERBECK 2,295,601

7 ELECTRON TUBE TIMING DEVI CE Filed July 19, 1959 2 Sheets-Sheet} 7 it [5' Qow 8+ L i a 5 8 I CONTROL SUPPLV 2 WELDING v A CURRENT a. 1 SUPPLY v 9/ m Pu INVENTOR'.

WILCOIX P OVERBECK,

Sept. 15, 1942. w. P. OVERBECK ELECTRON TUBE TIMING DEVICE Filed July 19, 1939 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

BIAS FROM CONDENSER BlAs FROM couozussn TUBE 83 R WE 57 5MB mo Bc ELD PERIOD E6- .INVENTOR. WILCOX P 0 K brr PERIOD I VERBECK.

Patented Sept. 15, 1942 ELECTRON TUBE TIMING nnvrcs Wilcox P. Overbeck, Waltham, Masa, asslgnor to Raythcon Manufacturing Company, Newton, Mass., a corporation of Delaware Application July 19, 1939, Serial No. 285,309

'1': Claims.

This invention relates to an electron tube timing device, and more particularly to such a device which periorms a cycle of timing operations and in which automatic repetition of such a cycle is afforded. This invention has particular application to resistance welding systems in which such a cycle 01 timed operations occurs.

An object of this invention is to accomplish such timing operations in a simple and reliable manner.

Another object is to provide for increased ac-' curacy of operation.

A further object is to obtain individual adjustments of the length or each timed period without affecting the length of any other period.

A still further object is to provide means for preventing one of said timed periods irom exceeding a predetermined maximum value.

The foregoing and other objects of my invention will :be best understood from the iollowing description or an exempliflcation thereof, reference being had to the accompanying'drawings, wherein:

Fig. l is a diagrammatic representation oi a system embodying my invention; and

Fig. 2 is a set of curves representing certain operating characteristics of the system shown in Fig.

The system shown in Fig. 1 is represented as being applied to a resistance welding device con- (Cl. 250-27) terminals I l.

The output current from the weldlng control 3 is taken from a pair of output terminals I2 and supplied to the two welding electrodes l--l. The welding current control 3 is provided with a pair 01 current control terminals I3 extending to the control contacts I4 which taining a pair of welding electrodes Il which are adapted to operate upon a resistance welding load 2, consisting of material tobe welded. Welding current is supplied from a suitable welding current control device 3 which may be, for example, such a device as is described and claimed in my copending application for an improvement in Arc tube systems, Serial No. 271,679, filed May 4, 1939. The electrodes I-I arebrought into contact with the resistance welding load 2 by means of a pressure gun I. This pressure gun is operated from a suitable supply of pressure fluidi. The supply of this pressure fluid to the gun l is controlled by a valve 6 operated by a solenoid 'I. When the solenoid I operates the valve 8, the

pressure fluid from 5 is supplied to the gun I, and

the electrodes I are moved so as to clamp the resistance welding load 2. When the valve 6 is released, the electrodes I are released from the resistance welding load 2.

The system illustrated is energized from two alternating current lines 3-9 which are connected at the terminals II to a suitable source of alternating current. The welding current control 3 is energized rromthe lines 33 at input are adapted to be closed by an armature I5. When the contacts I4 are closed, welding currentis red from the output terminals I2 to the welding electrodes I--I When said contacts I 4, however, are opened, the supply of current to the welding electrode I--I is terminated.

The armature It forms part oi a welding current control relay iii. The coil 1 of the valve 8 is energized from the alternating current lines 8 and 9, and is controlled by a pair of contacts I! in series with said coil 7. The contacts H are adapted to be closed by an armature I8 of the electrode control relay I9. Thus when the relay is is operated, the welding electrodes I-I clamp the resistance welding load 2. and when the relay I6 is operated, current is supplied to said welding load.

In order to control the sequence of operations, the system is provided with control tubes to 24, inclusive. Each of these tubes is of the gas or vapor-filled type in which the initiation or an ionizing discharge therein is controlled by a control electrode such as, for example, a grid interposed between the cathode and anode. In the system to be described, conduction between each cathode and anode may be initiated if the grid is at substantially the same potential as the cathode or slightly positive with respect thereto. These tubes are provided with cathodes to 29, inclusive. The cathodes may be of the filamentary type which are supplied with heating current from a secondary winding on the transformer 3|. Each of the filamentary cathodes 25 to 29, inclusive, is connected across the outer ends of said secondary winding 30. Said secondary wind,

ing is also provided with a center tap extending to the common cathode lead 33. A control switch 34 is interposed in this lead so as to control the energization oi the system. The tubes are also provided with anodes 35 to 39, inclusive. All of these anodes have impressed upon them alternating potentials from the secondary winding also on the transformer 3|. As will be described below, for most reliable operation oi. the system, the voltages on the anodes 35, 38, 31 and 38 are displaced degrees from each other. The voltage on the anode 39, however, may be in phase with the voltage on the anode, 33. In order to complete the external circuit to the cathodes, the

secondary winding 55 is provided with a center tap 5| from which a conductor 52 extends to the common cathode lead 55.

In order to supply voltage to the anode 55, a conductor 53 extends from one end or the secondary winding through a current-limiting resistance 55 to the anode 55. Likewise a conductor 55 extends from the other end of said secondary winding 55 through the operating coil 55 of the relay i5, and a pair of contacts 51 to the anode 55. The contacts 51 may be closed by a control switch which may be a pushbutton 55. Thus the voltages supplied to the anodes 55 and 55 are displaced 180 degrees from each other. In order to secure voltages displaced 90 degrees from the foregoing voltages to supply anodes 55 and 51, two phase-shifting circuits are provided. One of these phase-shifting circuits consists of a condenser 55 connected in series with a resistance 55 across the secondary winding 55. The other of these phase-shifting circuits consists of a condenser 5| in series with a resistance 52 also connected across the secondary winding 55. A conductor 53 extends from a point between the condenser 55 and the resistance 55 through a current-limiting resistance 55 to the anode 51. Likewise a conductor 55 extends from a point between the condenser 5| and the resistance 52 through a current-limiting resistance 55 to the anode 55: Constants of the phase-shifting circuit are so chosen that the voltages on anodes 55 and 5'1 are substantially 180 degrees apart, and are displaced 90 degrees with respect to the voltage on the anodes 55 and 55. The value 90- degree phase displacement is, however, merely the preferred angular relationship, and if other phase angles are desired, the resistances 55 and 52 may be made adjustable, as indicated, in order to vary this angular relationship. Since the voltage on anode 55 is to be in phase with the voltage on anode 55, a conductor 55 extends from the conductor 53 through a current-limiting resistance 51, and the operating coil 55 of the relay l to the anode 55.

In order to control the initiation of current conduction in each of the tubes 25--25,- they are provided with control grids 55 to 55, inclusive. The control grid 55 of the tube 25 is supplied with a D. C. bias from a rectifying voltage-doubling circuit. This rectifying circuit is energized from a secondary winding 55 on the transformer 5|. One end of this secondary winding is connected to a point between a pair of rectifiers 55 and 55 which are preferably of the copper-oxide type. Two terminals of opposite polarity of the rectifiers 55 and 55 are connected together, while the outer ends of opposite polarity are connected to the outer ends of two condensers 51 and 55 connected in series. A conductor 55 extends from a point between the condensers 51 and 55 to the opposite end of the secondary winding 55. Thus a D. C. voltage of substantially double the peak voltage of the alternating voltage appearing across the secondary 55 is produced across the outer ends of the condensers 51 and 55. In order to select the desired bias from this output volt age, a potentiometer is connected across the outer ends of the condensers 51 and 55. A conductor 1| extends from one end of the potentiometer 15 to the common cathode lead 55. An-

adjustable tap 12 on the potentiometer 15 is connected to a conductor 15 which extends through resistances l5 and 15 to the grid 55. The resistance 15 is of suflicient value to prevent appreciable current Irom flowing to the grid 55 within the tube 25. The above system impresses a negative potential on the grid 55 with respect to the cathode 25. By adjusting the tap 12, the value of this negative voltage may be varied.

During a certain portion of the operation of this system, current flows to each of the grids 55 to 52, inclusive. this current, these grids are connected in series with resistances 15 to 19, inclusive. Adjustable resistances 55 to 55, inclusive, are connected from the outer ends of resistances 15 to 15, respectively, to the common cathode lead 55.

The control of conduction of each tube by its associated grid is dependent upon the state of conduction of one of the other tubes. For this purpose grid 55 is connected through its resistance 15, and the condenser 55 to the anode 55: grid 55 is connected through its resistance 11. and the condenser to the anode 55; grid 5| is connected through its resistance 15, and the condenser 55 to the anode 55 through the pushbutton switch 55; grid 52 is connected through its resistance 15, and the condenser 81 to the anode 51; and grid 55 is connected through its resistance I5, and the condenser 55 also to the anode 55. Since the grids 55 and 58 are both connected to the anode 55 through the above circuits, the operation of both of these grids is dependent upon the state of conduction of the anode 55. 4

In order to permit a momentary closure 0! the pushbutton switch 55 to initiate a complete welding cycle, hold-in contacts 55 are connected across the pushbutton contacts 51. These holdin contacts are adapted to be closed by an armature 55 mounted on the relay l5. For purposes to be described below, a rectifier 5|, preferably of the copper-oxide type, is connected across the coil 55, and a condenser 52 is connected across the coil 58.

The transformer 5| is provided with a primary winding 55 energized from the alternating current lines 55.

The operation of the system described. above may be explained by referring to the curves oi Fig. 2. The axes a to e. inclusive, represent the cathode voltages of the tubes 2|, 22, 25, 25 and 25, respectively. On these respective axes, the solid curves EA represent the anode voltages, while the dotted curves EG represent the grid voltages of the respective tubes. The numerals associated with each of these legends correspond to the reference numerals on the respective anodes and grids. Fig. 2 represents one typical cycle 01 operations which may be repeated indefinitely, and upon such repetition the left-hand end of the curves may be considered as fitting onto the right-hand end thereof.

Let us assume that the terminals |||-|5 are energized with alternating current, the switch 55 is closed, the cathodes 25 to 25, inclusive, are raised to their operating temperatures, and the pushbutton switch 55 is in its open position. Under these conditions the circuit to the anode 55 is open both at the contacts 51 and 55, and the tube 2| is therefore non-conducting. However, substantially the full voltage of the left half of secondary 55 is impressed between the cathode 21 and the grid 5| through the coil 55, condenser 55. and resistance I5. The resistance 15 is of such a value that on the first positive voltage cycle supplied to the grid 5|, current flows between the cathode 21 and the gride 5| acting as an anode to charge the condenser 55 to the peak value of the alternating current voltage, as indicated by In order to limit the value of thelinefbelowtheaxislu Thisooeursduring substantially one-quarter of the alternating current cycle. During this period. as indicated by p on axis b, the voltage EG-Ol is merely the voltage drop of the tube. Although current flows in the circuit of grid I and thus through the coil 46 during this time, the value of the current is insuilicient and lasts for too short a time to actuate the relay is. Thereafter the A. C. voltage of the left half of winding ll is superposed on the D. C. bias I, and the grid voltage EGH varies, as indicated, below kids I) during the-period OQ. Throughout this period the voltage of grid BI is either zero or slightly positive at the beginning of the positive portions of EA-ll. This causes anode I! or tube 22 to start conducting current at the beginning of each positive half cycle, and thus the voltage of anode I1 above the b axis during the period O--Q is the voltage drop of the tube. Due to this fact, substantially the entire top half of the normal sine wave portion of voltage EAfl is cut off during this period. During the period O-Q, the voltage EG- 62 (c axis) is substantially'the voltage EA-il (axis 2)), since the grid 62 is connected to the anode 31 through the resistance It and condenser 81. The voltage EG--62 on the grid 62 is either zero or slightly positive whenever the voltage EA-3B becomes positive. Thus the anode ll or the tube 23 starts conducting current at the beginning of each positive half cycle, as indicated by the flat portions of the voltage curve EA28 slightly above the baxis. In exactly the same way EG-59, which corresponds to EA-Il, causes the tube 20 to conduct current throughout the period O-Q, asdndicated by the shape oi. voltage EA35.

In tube 24 a negative D. C. bias voltage a is impressed on the grid 82 from the potentiometer 10. This bias is indicated below the axis e, and is somewhat more than the peak value of the A. C. voltage applied to the anode II, and thus to the grid 63. During the period O-Q, the voltage of the anode 38 is superimposed on the bias voltage 9 on the grid 63, and thus the grid voltage FIG-63 follows the curve, as shown below axis e, and always remains negative throughout this period. Thus-tube 24 is non-conducting and its anode voltage EA39 is a full sine wave.

The voltage on the grid 60 of tube 2! during this period corresponds to the voltage on the anode 35 of the tube 20, and therefore follows the dot-dash curve EG--60a of axis a.

It will be noted in each case that the voltages PIA-48 to EA-H, inclusive, are 90 degrees apart, and the voltage EA-JO is in phase with the voltage EA-SO. Likewise the grid voltage in each of the tubes 20-22 leads the respective anode voltage of its tube by 90 degrees. In'the case of tube 2|, however, the grid voltage and the anode voltage are in phase.

The point at which the pushbutton II is closed may properly be represented by the point Q where the voltage EA36 starts to become positive. Since at this point the circuit to the anode I8 is closed, said anode can start conducting current provided the-grid voltage allows such conduction. At the point Q, the voltage EG-Ol is either zero or slightly positive, and thus anode it or tube 2| starts to conduct current at this point. This current flows through the coil ll, causing the relay II to pick up. Hold-in contacts 89 across the contacts 1 are then closed. This' insures that a complete welding cycle is carried 3 fore the welding cycle has been completed. The

relayilalsocausesthe armature lttoclosethe' contacts II. This energizes the solenoid I which pulls up the valve I. Thus fluid from I is supplied to the gun l, and the electrodes l-l are moved so as to clamp or squeeze the resistance welding load 2.

when the tube 2| starts to conduct current, the top halves of the full sine wave shape of voltage EA-ll are cut oil. Therefore the grid voltage EG-Ci is not swung to zero or slightly'positive at the beginning of each positive half cycle of the anode voltage EA-J'l. Thus throughout the period QR, the biason the condenser 86 maintains the grid 6| negative when the anode voltage EA-ll is positive, and the tube' 22 is non-com ducting as shown by the full sine wave shape of curve EA31 on axis b. However, the D. 0. voltage on condenser 86 can discharge throughresistance I2, and the voltage EG-8l gradually becomes less negative until at R it becomes zero or slightly positive. Thus when the voltage Eli-41 again becomes positive at the point R, the anode 21 or the tube 22 starts to conduct current. The rate or discharge of the condenser 86 is de- .termined by the setting of resistance 82, and thus the length of the period QR can be set at any desired value by adjusting the resistance 82.

During the quarter cycle 3, indicated on axis c, the grid 62 has the full A. 0. Voltage corresponding to BIA-31 (axis b) impressed on it, and so current flows to the grid 62 acting as an anode with respect to its cathode 28. This how of current charges the condenser 81 through the resistance T9 to the peak value of the A. C. voltage. This gives to the grid 62 the D. C. bias h, represented below the axis 0. The full sine wave voltage corresponding to Eli-31 (axis b) is superimposed on this bias voltage h, and the grid voltage EG-62 follows the curve on axis c during the period Q-R, as shown. During this time the grid 82 is at zero potential or slightly positive each time the anode voltage EA-Slbecomes positive, and thus the tube 23 continues to conduct current throughout this period. When the tube 22 again starts to conduct current at the point R, as described above, the top halves of the anode voltage EA-Sl (axis 17) and thus of the rid voltage EG-BZ (axis 0) are cut oil. As in the case of grid 6|, the voltage EG- -62 therefore is not raised to zero or slightly positive at the beginning of each positive half cycle of EA--38. Thus throughout the period R-T, the charge on condenser 81. maintains the grid 62 negative when the anode voltage EA--38 is positive, and tube 23 is therefore non ccnducting during this period as shown by the sine wave shape of the anode voltage EA,-3l. This sine wave voltage is supertrol unit I thus supplies welding current to the electrodes ll, and thus to the resistance welding load 2. a As will be seen from the above description, the

time from Q to 1 is dependent on the rate at I a which condenser II discharges through the reout even if pushbutton switch 42 is released be- 7 sistance 02. Thus by adjusting the resistance 02 the period during which the electrodes l-l clamp or squeeze the resistance welding load 2 before welding current is supplied to said load. can be predetermined. The time from Q to 7' is called the squeeze period. The inductance of coil 58 of relay It causes the current through tube 24 to continue for substantially a full half cycle from the firing point, as shown by the curve EA-l! above the c axis beyond the point 1'. Thus half cycle pulses of current are supplied from tube 24 to coil 58. In order to prevent such intermittent current pulses from causing the relay I8 to chatter, a condenser 92 is placed across the coil 58. With such a connection, the self-inductance of coil 58 tends to keep current flowing therein in the periods intermediate the current pulses supplied thereto. In this way chattering of the relay I6 is prevented.

During the period R-T, the D. C. voltage on condenser 81 can discharge through the re-' sistance 83 and the voltage EG-82 gradually becomes less negative until at T it becomes zero or slightly positive, and therefore when the volt-. age EA--38 again becomes positive at the point T, tube 23 starts to conduct current as shown by the fact that the positive portions of the voltage BIA-38 after the point T are cut oil, and therefore the grid voltage EG83 is not swung to zero or slightly positiv at the beginning of each positive half cycle of the voltage EA-Jl. Thus the D. C. bia vg maintains the grid 88 negative so that the tube 24 does not conduct current after the point 11. Due, however, to condenser 82, current may continue to flow in coil 58 for substantially another half cycle until about the point It. When the current stops flowing in coil 58 at the point It, relay I8 is released and the flow of welding current to the resistance welding load 2 is stopped.

From the above it will be seen that the time ;i-k is dependent upon the rate at which condenser 81 discharges through th resistance 88. Thus by adjusting the resistance 88, the period during which the electrodes ll are supplied with welding current can be predetermined. This time a'k is called the weld period."

During the quarter cycle u, the circuit of grid 58 has the full A. C. voltage EA -38 impressed upon it, and so current flows to the grid 58 acting as an anode with respect to its cathode during said quarter cycle. This flow of current charges the condenser 84 through the resistance 16 to the peak value of th A. C. voltage. This gives to the grid 58 a negative D. C. bias 1' represented below the axis d. The full sine wave voltage corresponding to EA38 (axis is superimposed on the bias voltage 1'. The grid voltage EEG-59 follows the curve as shown from R--T. During this tim the grid 58 is at zero potential or slightly positive each time the anode voltag EA35 becomes positive, and thus the tube 28 continues to conduct current throughout this period. Due to the fact that when the tube 23 starts to conduct current at the point T and the top halves of the voltage EA-88 ar cut of! beyond this point, the grid voltage EG58 is not swung to zero or slightly positive at the beginning of each positive half Of the anode'voltage BIA-35. Thus throughout the period T-W, the bias on the condenser 84 maintains the grid 88 negative when the anode voltage EA85 is-positive, and the tube 28 is non-conducting during this period, as shown by the full sine wave shape of curve EA85 on axis d. However, the D. C. voltage on condenser 84 can'discharge through resistance 88, and the voltag .EG-SB gradually becomes less negative until at W it becomes zero or slightly positive. Thus when the voltage EA-35 again becomes positive at the point W, the anode 85 or the tube 28 starts to conduct current.

During the quarter cycle 12, indicated on axis a, the circuit of rid has the full A. C. voltage corresponding to voltag EA--35 (axis (1) impressed on it, and so current flows to the grid acting as an anode with respect to its cathode 26. This flow of current charges the condenser through the resistance ll to the peak value of the A. C. voltage. This gives to the grid 80 the D. C. bias m represented below the axis a. The full sine wave voltage corresponding to EA-35 (axis d) is superimposed on this bias voltage m, and with the grid voltage EG-80 follows the curve on axis a during the period TW, as shown. During thisperiod the grid 58 is at a zero potential or slightly positive each time the anode voltage EA36 becomes'positive, and thus the tube 2! continues to conduct current throughout this period.

When the tube 20 again starts to conduct current at the point W, as described above, the top halves of the anode voltage Eli-35 (axis d) and thus 01 the grid voltage EG-GD (axis a) are cut ofl. Thus likewise the voltage EG-88 is not raised to zero or slightl positive at the beginning of each positive half cycle of EA-88 beyond the point W. Thus throughout the period WQ, the charge on condenser 85 maintains the grid 88 negative when the anode voltage EA-36 is positive, and the tube 2| is therefore non-conducting during this period, as shown by the full sine wave shape of the anode voltage EA-fl from W t Q, particularly between 0 and Q.

When the tube 2| stops conducting at at, current is no longer supplied to the coil 48. However, the current path through the rectifier 9| keeps current flowing in said coil 48 until some such point as that indicated at I. When the current flow stops in coil 48, relay l8 drops, thus deenergizing relay 8, releasing the pressure fluid. and permitting the electrodes |l to be released from the resistance welding load 2. As will be seen from the above description, the tree k-l is dependent on the rate at which condurser 84 discharges through resistance 88. Therefore, by adjusting resistance 80, the period during vhich the electrodes l-l continue to squeeze or hold the load 2 after the welding current stops can be predetermined. This is called the 1 old period." During the period W-Q or O-Q, ihe

D. C. voltage on condenser 85 can discharge through the resistance 8| and thus the voltage EG6II gradually becomes less negativ until a. Q it becomes zero or slightly positive. Thus if pushbutton 48 is still depressed when the vol age EA-ii becomes positive at the point Q, the tube 21 again becomes conductive, and thereafter actuates the relay I8 to restart the welding cycle.

It will be noted that the points 0 and l are coincident as the cycle of operations illustrated in Fig. 2 is repeated. The period O-Q or l-Q is dependent on the rate at which condenser 85 discharges through the resistance 8|. Thus by adjusting the resistance II, the period between the release of, the resistance welding load 2 by the electrodel-l and the subsequent operation of those electrodes to again engage and squeeze the resistance welding load can be predetermined. This is called the "oi! period."

From the foregoing it will be seen that as long as the pushbutton 44 is maintained in the closed position, the welding cycle described above is repeated. If, however, the pushbutton 48 is opened before the welding cycle is completed, the cycle of operations continues until it is completed. whereupon the operation stops until a subsequent depression of the pushbutton 48.

Mechanical relays, such as 6, l6 and I9, pick up and release later than the actual starting and stopping of current in their actuating coils. Therefore, in an actual welding circuit, the respective periods do not start and stop exactly at the points as indicated in Fig. 2. However, the delay in operation of the relays merely introduces a shift in time of the operation, and therefore the time relationships of the various periods as described in connection with Fig. 2 are substantially those which exist in an actual operating system.

In systems of this kind it is desirable that the length of each period of the welding cycle shall be under completely independent control. Thus an adjustment of each of the control resistances 88 to 83, inclusive, should vary that period of the welding cycle dependent upon the respective control resistance without in any way affecting the length of any other period. The phase displacement between the anode and grid voltages which exist in the above arrangement enables such a complete independence to be obtained. If all of the grid voltages were in phase with all of their respective anode voltages, as each grid voltage came up from a negative value, the asso ciated tube might fire later than 90 degrees on the respective anode voltage wave. However, if the tube started to conduct at a point beyond 90 degrees, it would be too late to extinguish the next tube because said next tube would already have been fired by the peak of the A. C. voltage super-imposed on the D..C. bias imposed on the grid of said next tube by the charge on its associated condenser. Thus as the control resistance of one tube was adjusted so as to delay the rate at which the associated condenser discharges, and as the firing point of the associated tube exceeded a 90-degree delay on the anode voltage, a change of one cycle in the duration of the succeeding period of the welding cycle would occur. Thus during the adjustment of one period of the welding cycle at a certain point the timing or duration of the succeeding welding cycle would be affected. By producing the 90- degree phase shift of the grid voltages with respect to the anode voltages, none of the tubes can fire at a point later than 90 degrees on the positive half of the associated anode voltage. Therefore, the type of operation described above cannot occur and complete independence of control of each period of the welding cycle results.

A welding process as described above involves inherently an intermittent operation of the welding current control device 3.. Therefore, the rating of such a device will be based upon such an intermittent operation rather than upon a continuous operation. It is desirable in many instances to limit the percentage time during which the welding current control I supplies current to the welding load. If this percentage time exceeds a predetermined value, the rating of the welding current control 3 may be exceeded. Such a percentage time may vary with the magnitude of the welding current. It is also desirable to protect the system against continuous supply of current to the resistance welding load 2. For example, if tube 24' were to become defective so as to be permanently extinguished, in absence of any protective means tube 24 would continue to conduct current indefinitely, and thus maintain the welding current control 3 energized. This would continue to supply current to the resistance welding load 2 without carrying the welding cycle further. The system described in Fig. l eliminates the above undesirable operations, and accomplishes both the limitation of the percentage time of operation of the welding current control 3 as well as protection against continuous operation thereof.

As will be seen from the detailed description herein, condenser 88 does not operate exactly as do the other condensers 84 to 81, inclusive. The value of resistance 14 is sufliciently high to impart a relatively large time constant to the circuit which includes the condenser 88 and the resistance 14. Thus in said circuit the axis of the pulsating of A. C. voltage superimposed on the negative D. C. bias 0 of the potentiometer 10 tends to shift slowly so as to coincide with said D. C. bias. This condition of coincidence exists during substantially the entire welding cycle, with the exception of the welding period. However, during said welding period, the axis of the A. C. component of EG63 shifts downwardly slowly, due to the relatively large time constant of the circuit including the resistance 14 and condenser. The rate at which the axis of said A. C. component drops to the D.,C. bias 0 depends upon said time constant of said circuit. As this change occurs, the peak of the grid voltage wave EG-N occurs later. Conse quently the firing point on the voltage EA-39 is delayed until the anode 39 fires at 90 degrees on the positive half of said voltage wave EA-39. Firing beyond this point is prevented because as the grid voltage EG--63 drops further, the peaks of said grid voltage no longer become positive, and tube 24 is no longer conductive. If tube 23 were-to be extinguished for a sufficiently long time, the voltage of grid 63 would finally drop to the position indicated at EG63a, and therefore tube 24 would be extinguished. Thus if the resistance 83 is set so as to tend to cause the supply of welding current to continue for a period greater than a predetermined value, tube 24 would refuse to supply welding current for a period of time greater than said predetermined value. By adjusting the bias voltage a by means of the adjustable tap 12, this maximum value of the weld period can be set at any predetermined figure. Some adjustment could also be made by varying the value of resistance It; whereby the time constant of the circuits 14-48 could be changed. If due to some influence, tube 23 were to be extinguished for an indefinite period, tube 26 would only permit welding current to be supplied for one maximum period, and

' conduction of a tube means non-conduction when a positive potential is impressed on the anode of said tube. I

of course it is to be understood that this invention is not limited to the particular details described above as many equivalents will suggest themselves to those skilled in the art. For example, the timing arrangement could be applied to systems other than welding systems. The invention is capable of providing any desired number of independently timed consecutive periods by providing a similar number of tubes such as tubes 20 to 23, inclusive, together with their associated timing elements. Likewise various different types of tubes and circuit arrangements could be devised to incorporate the principles as set forth in the above embodiment. It is accordingly desired that the appended claims be given a broad interpretation commensurate with the scope of the invention within the art.

What is claimed is:

1. In combination, a plurality oi rectifying electrical space discharge devices of the type in which conduction between two electrodes is initiated by a control electrode, means for impressing alternating voltages between said two electrodes of each or said discharge devices, means responsive to the stoppage oi! conduction in one or said discharge devices for supplying a bias voltage between the control electrode and one of said two electrodes of another or said discharge devices, and means responsive to the restarting of conduction in the first-named discharge device tor rendering said bias voltage eflective to stop conduction in the second-named discharge device.

2. In combination, a plurality of rectiiying electrical space discharge devices 0'! the type in which conduction between two electrodes is initiated by a control electrode, means for impressing alternating voltages between said two electrodes 01 each or said discharge devices, means responsive to the stoppage of conduction in one or said discharge devices for supplying a bias voltage between the control electrode and one 01 said two electrodes of another 01 said discharge devices,

means responsive to the restarting of conduction in the first-named discharge device for rendering said bias voltage eflective to stop conduction in the second-named discharge device, and means having a predetermined time constant tor reducing said bias voltage, upon stoppage 0t conduction in said second-named discharge device, to

allow said second-named discharge device to restart aiter a predetermined length 0! time.

3. In combination, a group oi rectifying electrical space discharge devices of the type in which conduction between two electrodes is initiated by a control electrode, means for impressing alternating voltages between said two electrodes of each of said discharge devices, means responsive to the stoppage of conduction in each of said discharge devices ior supplying a bias voltage between the control electrode and one of said two electrodes of a succeeding one or said discharge devices, means responsive to the restarting or conduction in the first-named discharge device for rendering said bias voltage effective to stop conduction in the second-named discharge device, means having a predetermined time constant for reducing said bias voltage, upon stoppage or conduction in said second-named discharge device, to allow said second-named discharge device to restart after a predetermined length of time, and similar means associating the end discharge device of said group with the initial discharge device of said group for stopping, conduction of said initial discharge device upon stopping and restarting of said end discharge device and for restarting said initial discharge device alter a predetermined length of time.

4. In combination, a plurality of rectifying electrical space discharge device; of the type having a cathode and an anode between which conduction is initiated by a control electrode, the cathodes of said discharge devices being connected together, means for impressing alternating voltages between the anode and cathode oi each or said discharge devices, the control electrode of one discharge device being connected to the anode of another of said discharge devices through a condenser, whereby upon stoppage or conduction in said second-named discharge device, conduction between the cathode and control electrode or said first-named discharge device charges said condenser to a bias voltage and upon restarting o! conduction in said second-named discharge device said bias voltage becomes effective to stop conduction in said first-named discharge device. I

5. In combination, a plurality of rectifying electrical space discharge devices of the type having a cathode and an anode between which conduction is initiated by a control electrode, the cathodes of said discharge devices being connected together, means ior impressing alternating voltages between the anode and cathode of each of said'discharge devices, the control electrode of one discharge device being connected to the anode of another of said discharge devices through a condenser, whereby upon stoppage of conduction in said second-named discharge device conduction between the cathode and control electrode of said first-named discharge device charges said condenser to a bias voltage, and a discharge path for said condenser having a predetermined time constant ior reducing said bias voltage, upon stoppage of conduction in said firstnamed discharge devices, to allow said firstnamed discharge device to restart after a predetermined length or time.

6. In combination, a plurality of rectifying electrical space discharge devices or the type havin a cathode and an anode between which conduction is initiated by a control electrode, the cathodes or said discharge devices being connected together, means (or impressing alternats voltages between the anode and cathode of each of said discharge devices, the control electrode of one discharge device being connected to the anode of another of said discharge devices through a condenser, whereby upon stoppa e or conduction in said second-named discharge device conduction between the cathode and control electrode of said first-named discharge device charges said condenser to a bias voltage, and a discharge path for said condenser having a predetermined time constant for reducing said bias voltage, upon stoppage of conduction in said firstnamed discharge devices, to allow said firstnamed discharge device to restart after a predetermined length or time, said discharge path having an adjustable resistance for adjusting said time constant.-

7. In combination, a plurality of rectifying electrical space discharge devices oi. the type having a cathode and an anode between which conduction is initiated by a control electrode, the cathodes 01 said discharge devices being connected together, means for impressing alternating voltages between the anode and cathode oi each of said discharge devices, the control electrodes or one discharge device being connected to the anode of another or said discharge devices through a relatively low impedance path, said anode voltages being angularly displaced with respect to each other.

8. In combination, a" plurality of rectifying electrical space discharge devices of the type having a cathode and an anode between which con duction is initiated by a control electrode, the cathodes of said discharge devices being connected together, means for impressing alternating voltages between the anode and cathode of each of said discharge devices, the control electrode of one discharge device being connected to the anode of another of said discharge devices through a relatively low impedance .path, said alternating voltages being angularly displaced with respect to each other by a phase angle of the order of magnitude of ninety degrees.

9. In combination, a rectifying electrical space discharge device oi the type having a cathode and an anode between which conduction is initiated by a control electrode, means for impressing an alternating voltage between the cathode and anode of said discharge device, means for impressing a bias voltage between said control electrode and one of said other electrodes for preventing initiation of conduction in said discharge device, means operating ior a predetermined time for superimposing an alternating voltage on said bias voltage with peak values suilicient to overcome said bias voltage and to permit initiation of conduction in said discharge device, and means for increasing said bias voltage at a predetermined rate, whereby said peak values are insuflicient to cause conduction of said discharge device if said conduction exceeds another predetermined maximum time.

10. In combination, a rectifying electrical space discharge device of the type having a cathode and an anode between which conduction is initiated by a control electrode, means for impressing an alternating voltage between the anode and cathode of said discharge device, a control circuit for said control electrode having a relatively large time constant, means for impressing a bias voltage between said control electrode and one of said other electrodes through said control circuit for preventing initiation of conduction in said discharge device, means for superimposing an alternating voltage through said control circuit on said bias voltage with peak values sufiicient to overcome said bias voltage and to permit initiation of conduction in said discharge device, and means for increasing said bias voltage at a predetermined rate until said peak values are insufiicient to cause conduction of said discharge device if said conduction exceeds a predetermined maximum time.

11. In combination, a rectifying electrical space discharge device of the type having a cathode and an anode between which conduction is initiated by a control electrode, means for impressing an alternating voltage between the cathode and anode of said discharge device, a control circuit for said control electrode comprising a serially-connected condenser and resistance and having a relatively large time constant, means for impressing a bias voltage between said control electrode and one of said other electrodes through said control circuit for preventing initiation of conduction in said discharge device, means for superimposing an alternating voltage through said control circuit on said bias voltage with peak values sufllcient to overcome said bias voltage and to permit initiation of conduction in said discharge device, and means for increasing said bias voltage at a predetermined rate until said peak values are insufficient to cause conduction of said discharge de- 12. In combination, a rectifying electricalspace discharge device of the type having a cathode and an anode between which conduction is initiated by a control electrode, means for impressing an alternating voltage between the cathode and anode of said discharge device, a control circuit for said control electrode having a relatively large time constant, means for impressing a bias voltage between said control electrode and one of said other electrodes through said control circuit for preventing initiation of conduction in said discharge device, means for superimposing an alternating voltage through said control circuit on said bias voltage with peak values sufilcient to overcome said bias voltage and to permit initiation of conduction in said discharge device, and means for increas-' ing said bias voltage at a predetermined rate until said peak values are insufiicient to cause conduction of said discharge device if said conduction exceeds a predetermined maximum time, said bias voltage being adjustable to vary said maximum time of operation of saiddischarge device.

13. In combination, two operating means adapted to operate in predetermined sequence upon a common device, actuating means for causing operation of one of said operating means,

actuating means for causing operation of the other of said operating means. electrical space discharge timing means for causing energization of said second actuating means at a predetermined time aiter energization of said first actuating means, electrical space discharge timing means for causing said second actuating means to be deenergized at a predetermined time after its energization, electrical space discharge timing means for causing said first actuating means to be deenergized at a predetermined time after deenergization of said second actuating means, and electrical space discharge timing means for causing energization of said first actuating means at a predetermined time after its deenergization.

14. In combination, two operating means adapted to operate in predetermined sequence upon a common device, actuating means for causing operation of one of said operating means, actuating means for causing operation of the other of said operating means, electrical space discharge timing means for causing energization of said second actuating means at a predetermined time ai'ter energization of said first actuating means, electrical space discharge timing -means ior causing said second actuating means to be deenergized at a predetermined time after its energization, electrical space discharge tirning means for causing said first actuating means to be deenergized at a predetermined time after deenergization of said second actuating means, and electrical space discharge timing means for causing energization of said first actuating means at a predetermined time after its deenergization, the timing period of each of said timing means being independent of the operation of said actuating means.

15. In combination, two operating means adapted to operate in predetermined sequence upon a common device, actuating means for causing operation of one of said operating means, actuating means for causing operation of the other of said operating means, electrical space discharge timing means for causing energizetion of said second actuating means at a predetermined time after energization of said first actuating means, electrical space discharge timing means for causing said second actuating 1 means to be deenergized at a predetermined time after its energization, electrical space discharge timing means for causing said first actuating means to be deenergized at a predetermined time after deenergization of said second actuating means, and electrical space discharge timing means for causing energization of said first actuating means at a predetermined time after its deenergization, the timing period of each of said timing means being independently adjustable and unafiected by the adjustment of any of the other timing means.

16. In combination, a plurality oi rectifying electrical space discharge devices of the type having a cathode and an anode between which conduction is initiated by a control electrode, the

odes of said discharge devices being connected together, means {or impressing alternating voltages between the anode and cathode of each of said devices, the control electrode of one dis-.

charge device being connected to the anode of another of said discharge devices through a relatlvely low impedance path.

WILCOX P. OVERBECK.

v CERTIFICATE oF' commcnon. Patent 110. 2,295,601. September 15, 19!;2.

' wILcoxP. ovnnmzcx.

It-is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification 'of the above ninnbered patent requir ng cdrr'ection'as follows: Page -2, second column, line-75, for 'gride" read "grid"; page 5, first column,

line 24, for "88 to 85" read -80 to 85 page bi second celunn, line 69-70, claim 7, for "electrodes" read "electrode"; line 75", same claim, for 'anode" read --alternatin g; and. that the said Letters Patent should beread withihis correction therein that the sane may conform to the rec- 0rd of the case in the Patent Office. I I

Signed and sealed this 5rd day of November, A. n. '19h2-.

Henry Van Arsdele, (Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents,

, CERTIFICA'BE 0F comuzcmon. Patent no. 2,295,601. I September 15, 191m.

wILcoxP. OVERBECK.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the painted specification of the above nimbered patent requiring oorrection'ae follows Page -2, sec-- 0nd column, line-Y5, for 'gride" read "grid"; page 5, first column,

line 21;, for "88 to 85" read --80 to 85 page'bg second coluinn, line 69-70, claim 7, for electrodes read --e1ectr ode-; line 75 same claim, for "anode" read -alternating--; and that the said Letters Patent should be-read with this correction therein that the ante may conform to the recoxd of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 5rd day of November A. D. 191m.

Henry Van Arsdaie, (Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents, 

